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Is there a reason you can't return (filter) based on either language entered. Maybe if they are in English language but typing in French 'baguette' just show the list as 'Bread (Baguette)', or otherwise if they search in the 'correct' language just return either 'Bread' or 'Baguette' singularly. Sounds like the user is using multiple languages, breaking out of the UI constraint you placed on them by having one language only.
Yes, I meant out with [your target group], I have updated the text. I say why in the next paragraph, any answer you only read the first line of will be confusing ;)
changed it back to original, it had been edited on 'grammar' grounds. This wasn't the case, the answer no longer made sense and had its meaning changed.
If you could provide more detail on requirements like space available a better solution could be offered. If you have limited height I'd recommend showing the top 40 px or so of grouped elements, then when hovering show them fully.
Literally just group the existing buttons you have into categories, use a group box or similar to distinguish groups. Colour's a bonus. No need to have drop downs, as then buttons would be hidden initially.
