It completely depends on the data you are serving to users, let. Let's suppose if you're offering them to download simple PDFs/Word Docs/Spreadsheets, – then the user should be allowed to download that data, as per emerging UI Trends- all the applications are being designed nand developed with Mobile-First view, so that not muchtoo many functionalities are being compromised on mobile devices.
In case, you still want to restrict the user to download thatthe file on small screen devices, you can better doI would recommend to use a Popup/Tooltip thingModal Window or Tooltip - showing a regret message to the user.
Also if you use a small Popup on click of those downloadable buttons, there you can giveoffer a handy checkbox
to the user to check if he want/she wants to proceed all the downloads on same device – or would likeinstead prefer to switch to the desktop version of the app later.
That way the control will always be there in user's hands, which is the need of an hour. ;)