The question is...confusing. If you are able to store the poll data in an app, then you're able to do so on the web as well. However you store the poll data should in theory be visible and editable (add-only, like 1-vote adding per mac address for example) and then the two would be relatively in sync. Then all you have to do is just make sure that the app reloads the data every time the article loads (which it'll need to do anyways) and that the website does the same.
So to answer, yes, you would need a separate web view, not just for interaction but for viewing. Since this is a news app, I assume there's a corresponding news site, so this shouldn't be a major issue.
Take for example the YPlan app (or older versions of Instagram)... they don't have a presence on desktop where you can browse events, they just have the app. However, you can still share content and the generated link goes to a web view which is interactive still... I was looking for an answer on how this works.
That's typically called a web responder, and is basically a web version of the app. I've gone through building two of these, and it's a nightmare every time. Effectively it's building a dumbed-down version of your native app as a web-app (because building a full version would be too expensive). A number of apps do this, and I highly recommend against building and using web responders. They're generally not a good experience for users. In your case, for voting, you don't need that; you just need a website to be able to access the same database that the app does and to be able to update it.