There seems to be no unified term for this, the pictures on your screenshots serve different goals. Deliveroo wants to show the broad selection of food options, Airbnb tries to tempt you with ideas based on your previous trips, and Groupon attracts your attention through discounts, etc.
However, I've met such terms as Products Showcase, used by the Word Press Product Gallery plugin
Pttrns.com use the term Discovery. By the way, you can browse specifically the Airbnb ui patterns there: https://pttrns.com/applications/86
And finally, I've extracted a nice article from my bookmarks that discusses pretty much of what you are asking, I suppose: Homepage Usability: Can Users Infer the Breadth of Your Product Catalog? They say that
the overall goal is to ensure that the homepage conveys a visually
representative picture of the site’s offerings so that first-time
visitors will instinctively draw appropriate conclusions
The article does not introduce any specific term related to your question. Yet it might help you in your search of robust strategies for building a good home/landing page if this is your final goal.