Short answer: Use your second option, where each field has a neutral white color as the color is not classifing elements in the list.

Color should be used to give distinction with other elements from its context or to differentiate elements.
Think of the way links have color and not the surrounding text. For example (image source):

In the image above, an accent color is used to highlight a feature (distinct the column from the others).
Difference in color (or opacity in this case) within the elements in the same column is used to indicate higher or lower values.
Now in your example colors are not giving any meaningful value nor distinction in comparison to the others. ("in comparison with the others" or "in it's context" is the point of what I mean)
Comparing a no-color list with a list full of colors, a colored list doesn't give any benefits in terms of differentiation between the elements. If all elements have a different color, better use the same color for all of them (or lack of color = white/grey/black).
If there would be two (for example) kinds of elements using color to differentiate could make sense:

In the example above color is giving extra information which is relevant for the user to choose. Blue are masculine names and pink are femenine names.
The color of the inputs should change when they are viewed (not in the edit mode, but in the view mode). And in that situation the color difference makes sense as the colored elements are distincted over normal (non-colored) elements.
Where there is color, hovering over an element should not be made using another color but rather lowering the opacity of the element.
Also consider colorblind users.
Edit:
I'll elaborate what I mean by differentiation and distinction, in case someone is interested.
This is just one color (for body text color use grey):

Using several colors (let's consider black and grey different colors for this example), we can differentiate elements:

Color can be used to give disctinction and purpose to an element:

To reinforce both properties (and benefit the color blind user and legibility) we can give extra styling:
