I am not aware of research specific to mobile apps. However, research into color and psychology is a previously explored topic. You linked to a ux.se article that mentions it, but there is more out there.
As a quick reference, take a look at:
http://designcrux.netfirms.com/infograph.html
http://www.basictips.com/printer_understanding-color-emotion-triggers-part-1a.shtml
http://www.demesne.info/Improve-Your-Home/Choosing-Interior-Color.htm