Option 1: "Emulating paper"
Enhance the textfield (via JS) so that the number entered is dynamically formatted with thousands and decimal separators.
This solution would be quite similar to what you have in the pen-and-paper representation, actually.
Option 2: "You probably don't care about the exact amount anyways"
Since you mentioned that the use case in question is a survey, you'll probably be grouping results anyways, right?
So, assuming you don't really need a precise number but rather an estimate or a range, you could use:
- a (range) slider – which actually would work pretty well even for precise numbers
- a set of radiobuttons representing ranges [$0 - 10k], [$10k - 20k], …
- a dropdown working in the same way as the radio buttons – additionally saving you some space and making the form look less extensive to the user
Personally, I would probably go with the slider. People love them :p